Title: "Egyptian Archaeoastronomy and Space Archaeology: two fields issued from crossing archeology, astronomy and space technology (2/2)"
Abstract: This oral presentation is a continuation of the lecture made at the ESACT on November the 16th (see below). At first, I will present recent developments in Egyptian Archaeoastronomy and Space Archaeology which result from exchanges between archaeologists, historians, linguists, astronomers and engineers, on the one hand, the crossing of tools, methods coming from archeology, astronomy and space sector, on the other hand. In a second time, I will detail the projects of the Culture Diff' company which aim at promoting the growth of Egyptian Archaeoastronomy internationally and the growth of Space Archaeology in Toulouse, France.

Title: "Egyptian Archaeoastronomy and Space Archaeology: two fields issued from crossing archeology, astronomy and space technology (1/2)"
Abstract: These two last centuries, Egyptian Archeology has uncovered many remains which show a specific astronomical orientation or content: temples, tombs, bas-reliefs, texts, etc.. The study of these remains from the archaeological, historical, philological and astronomical (using numerical models combining various astrometric and photometric parameters) sides allows a better understanding of the astronomical culture of the Egyptian civilization and leads to reconstruct the beginnings of observational astronomy. In recent decades, astronomical observations are carried out both from the ground and from space, using telescopes equipped with multi-sensor wavelengths. Meanwhile, space archeology has grown, giving archaeologists a global, multi-dimensional and multi-wavelength vision of the Land of Egypt. The acquisition and the processing of space imagery has led to a major development of existing astronomical and archaeological databases. The crossover of actors, methods and tools of archeology, astronomy and space sector today lead to the establishment of Virtual Observatories and Virtual Expeditions.

Title: "Astronomy and Archaeology: two paths towards the past"
Abstract: The objectives of astronomy and archeology are to understand and reconstruct the history of the universe and humanity through the systematic study of remains - stars (planets, stars, galaxies, etc.), artefacts (objects and infrastructure created by man) - which reflect their evolution since the Big Bang (~ -15 billion years) and the beginning of Prehistory (~ -5 million years) respectively. Longer collected at the surface of the Earth, these traces of the past are now also being observed and detected from space. Most of these astronomical and archaeological remains are invisible to the naked eye indeed, either because they are distant and not very bright or emit a non-visible radiation, either because they are buried beneath the surface of the earth, under modern cities or even in a lush vegetation. Then follows the completion of existing databases from distant stars that no longer exist or remain in another form, and artifacts damaged by time and men.

Title: "Astronomy and Archaeology: two paths towards the past"
Abstract: The objectives of astronomy and archeology are to understand and reconstruct the history of the universe and humanity through the systematic study of remains - stars (planets, stars, galaxies, etc.), artefacts (objects and infrastructure created by man) - which reflect their evolution since the Big Bang (~ -15 billion years) and the beginning of Prehistory (~ -5 million years) respectively. Longer collected at the surface of the Earth, these traces of the past are now also being observed and detected from space. Most of these astronomical and archaeological remains are invisible to the naked eye indeed, either because they are distant and not very bright or emit a non-visible radiation, either because they are buried beneath the surface of the earth, under modern cities or even in a lush vegetation. Then follows the completion of existing databases from distant stars that no longer exist or remain in another form, and artifacts damaged by time and men.

Title: "Astronomy and Archaeology: two paths towards the past"
Abstract: The objectives of astronomy and archeology are to understand and reconstruct the history of the universe and humanity through the systematic study of remains - stars (planets, stars, galaxies, etc.), artefacts (objects and infrastructure created by man) - which reflect their evolution since the Big Bang (~ -15 billion years) and the beginning of Prehistory (~ -5 million years) respectively. Longer collected at the surface of the Earth, these traces of the past are now also being observed and detected from space. Most of these astronomical and archaeological remains are invisible to the naked eye indeed, either because they are distant and not very bright or emit a non-visible radiation, either because they are buried beneath the surface of the earth, under modern cities or even in a lush vegetation. Then follows the completion of existing databases from distant stars that no longer exist or remain in another form, and artifacts damaged by time and men.

Title: "Egyptian Archaeoastronomy: the stars of Pharaoh"
Abstract: These two last centuries, Egyptian archeology has uncovered many vestiges which show a specific astronomical orientation or content. These are the Old Kingdom pyramids whose faces point towards the cardinal points, starlists which decorate the interior lid of sarcophagi and the ceiling of temples and tombs, several writings telling about the heliacal rising of Sirius under the Dynastic Period. The study of these remains leads to the definition of spatial, temporal and optical constraints: place and time of the building of monuments or the design of starlists, visual acuity of the observer. These constraints are then applied to a model of visibility of stars with the naked eye, which combines astrometric and photometric parameters. Then follows the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of ancient Egyptian monuments, the mapping of the sky of ancient Egypt, the redefinition of the dates of the reign of some Pharaohs, a better understanding of cutting the night hours, etc...

Title : "Danse e-Toile"
Abstract: La Novela presents the Dance e-Toile project: this artistic and scientific event offers a thematic exhibition (photo, video and music) and a unique choreography, Nataraja and the Cosmos, which causes the Indian classical dance Bharatha Natyam to interact, via the Web, with French contemporary dance, and takes place simultaneously at the Cité de l'Espace, Toulouse and at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore. Nataraja and the Cosmos is an original art-science collaboration between Jean-Marc Matos and Anne Holst (choreographers, K. Dance Company) and Sharada Srinivasan (Indian scientific dancer, professor at NIAS, Bangalore) on the crossed subject: mythology of the body / stellar mythology. The show was followed by a presentation and an "on line" round table which aimed at comparing the Indians and Egyptians images of the sky and associated myths. Special Guest: Karine Gadré, Ph.D. in Astronomy, University of Toulouse. Live broadcast at http://www.x-reseau.fr/e-toile/

Title: "Egyptian Archaeoastronomy: the stars of Pharaoh"
Abstract: These two last centuries, Egyptian archeology has uncovered many vestiges which show a specific astronomical orientation or content. These are the Old Kingdom pyramids whose faces point towards the cardinal points, starlists which decorate the interior lid of sarcophagi and the ceiling of temples and tombs, several writings telling about the heliacal rising of Sirius under the Dynastic Period. The study of these remains leads to the definition of spatial, temporal and optical constraints: place and time of the building of monuments or the design of starlists, visual acuity of the observer. These constraints are then applied to a model of visibility of stars with the naked eye, which combines astrometric and photometric parameters. Then follows the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of ancient Egyptian monuments, the mapping of the sky of ancient Egypt, the redefinition of the dates of the reign of some Pharaohs, a better understanding of cutting the night hours, etc...

Title: "Egyptian Archaeoastronomy: the stars of Pharaoh"
Abstract: These two last centuries, Egyptian archeology has uncovered many vestiges which show a specific astronomical orientation or content. These are the Old Kingdom pyramids whose faces point towards the cardinal points, starlists which decorate the interior lid of sarcophagi and the ceiling of temples and tombs, several writings telling about the heliacal rising of Sirius under the Dynastic Period. The study of these remains leads to the definition of spatial, temporal and optical constraints: place and time of the building of monuments or the design of starlists, visual acuity of the observer. These constraints are then applied to a model of visibility of stars with the naked eye, which combines astrometric and photometric parameters. Then follows the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of ancient Egyptian monuments, the mapping of the sky of ancient Egypt, the redefinition of the dates of the reign of some Pharaohs, a better understanding of cutting the night hours, etc...

Title: "The scientific process: birth, evolution and transmission"
Abstract: Soon available

Title: "Egyptian Archaeoastronomy: the stars of Pharaoh"
Abstract: These two last centuries, Egyptian archeology has uncovered many vestiges which show a specific astronomical orientation or content. These are the Old Kingdom pyramids whose faces point towards the cardinal points, starlists which decorate the interior lid of sarcophagi and the ceiling of temples and tombs, several writings telling about the heliacal rising of Sirius under the Dynastic Period. The study of these remains leads to the definition of spatial, temporal and optical constraints: place and time of the building of monuments or the design of starlists, visual acuity of the observer. These constraints are then applied to a model of visibility of stars with the naked eye, which combines astrometric and photometric parameters. Then follows the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of ancient Egyptian monuments, the mapping of the sky of ancient Egypt, the redefinition of the dates of the reign of some Pharaohs, a better understanding of cutting the night hours, etc...

Title: "Egyptian Archaeoastronomy: the stars of Pharaoh"
Abstract: These two last centuries, Egyptian archeology has uncovered many vestiges which show a specific astronomical orientation or content. These are the Old Kingdom pyramids whose faces point towards the cardinal points, starlists which decorate the interior lid of sarcophagi and the ceiling of temples and tombs, several writings telling about the heliacal rising of Sirius under the Dynastic Period. The study of these remains leads to the definition of spatial, temporal and optical constraints: place and time of the building of monuments or the design of starlists, visual acuity of the observer. These constraints are then applied to a model of visibility of stars with the naked eye, which combines astrometric and photometric parameters. Then follows the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of ancient Egyptian monuments, the mapping of the sky of ancient Egypt, the redefinition of the dates of the reign of some Pharaohs, a better understanding of cutting the night hours, etc...

Note : The video recording of this conference is available on the website of the Université Paul Sabatier of Toulouse (follow the link Accès à la Médiathèque Les Grands Séminaires de l'OMP).

Title: "Egyptian Archaeoastronomy: the stars of Pharaoh"
Abstract: These two last centuries, Egyptian archeology has uncovered many vestiges which show a specific astronomical orientation or content. These are the Old Kingdom pyramids whose faces point towards the cardinal points, starlists which decorate the interior lid of sarcophagi and the ceiling of temples and tombs, several writings telling about the heliacal rising of Sirius under the Dynastic Period. The study of these remains leads to the definition of spatial, temporal and optical constraints: place and time of the building of monuments or the design of starlists, visual acuity of the observer. These constraints are then applied to a model of visibility of stars with the naked eye, which combines astrometric and photometric parameters. Then follows the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of ancient Egyptian monuments, the mapping of the sky of ancient Egypt, the redefinition of the dates of the reign of some Pharaohs, a better understanding of cutting the night hours, etc...

Title: "Egyptian Archaeoastronomy: the stars of Pharaoh"
Abstract: These two last centuries, Egyptian archeology has uncovered many vestiges which show a specific astronomical orientation or content. These are the Old Kingdom pyramids whose faces point towards the cardinal points, starlists which decorate the interior lid of sarcophagi and the ceiling of temples and tombs, several writings telling about the heliacal rising of Sirius under the Dynastic Period. The study of these remains leads to the definition of spatial, temporal and optical constraints: place and time of the building of monuments or the design of starlists, visual acuity of the observer. These constraints are then applied to a model of visibility of stars with the naked eye, which combines astrometric and photometric parameters. Then follows the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of ancient Egyptian monuments, the mapping of the sky of ancient Egypt, the redefinition of the dates of the reign of some Pharaohs, a better understanding of cutting the night hours, etc...

Title: "Pre-Copernican Representations of the Universe"
Abstract: The Fourth Book Show dedicated to the History of Science and Technology was held on 21, 22 and 23 November 2008 at Ivry-sur-Seine. It gathered researchers, publishers, journalists, scientists and the public around a single theme: "Universe Stories - from the exploration of the universe to the space age." A round table devoted to the pre-Copernican representations of the universe gathered Karine Gadré, Jean-Claude Martzloff, Bernard Vitrac and Loïc Mangin on the 21st November at 14h.
The complete program of the Show is available from Salon here.

Title: "Introduction to the methods of Archaeoastronomy. Application to Ancient Egypt"
Abstract: The recent development of models of stellar visibility in the night or twilight sky solves various problems related to Archaeoastronomy. Their use in the context of ancient Egypt has led to the revision of the dates of the beginning of the reign of several pharaohs, to the mapping of the constellations filling the southern sky of ancient Egypt, to the formulation of a new hypothesis about the orientation of the Old Kingdom pyramids and the temples of Isis and Hathor in Dendera. This presentation will provide the opportunity to detail a good way to solve these problems (through the establishment of archaeological and stellar databases, the design of models of visibility of stars with the naked eye, the applying of astronomical and egyptological criteria), as well as the results obtained.

Title: "Introduction to the methods of Archaeoastronomy. Application to Ancient Egypt"
Abstract: The recent development of models of stellar visibility in the night or twilight sky solves various problems related to Archaeoastronomy. Their use in the context of ancient Egypt has led to the revision of the dates of the beginning of the reign of several pharaohs, to the mapping of the constellations filling the southern sky of ancient Egypt, to the formulation of a new hypothesis about the orientation of the Old Kingdom pyramids and the temples of Isis and Hathor in Dendera. This presentation will provide the opportunity to detail a good way to solve these problems (through the establishment of archaeological and stellar databases, the design of models of visibility of stars with the naked eye, the applying of astronomical and egyptological criteria), as well as the results obtained.

Title: "Under the sky of ancient Egypt"
Abstract: The current work in the field of archaeoastronomy relies upon the making up of archaeological databases, the study of the astronomical orientation or content of the remains which they contain, the development of models of stellar visibility in the sky and the application, to the results provided by each model, of various astronomical and historical criteria. Applied to ancient Egypt, this approach leads to the revision of the dates of the beginning of the reign of several pharaohs, to the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of the Old Kingdom pyramids and to the mapping of the old Egyptian sky.

Title: "Under the sky of ancient Egypt"
Abstract: The current work in the field of archaeoastronomy relies upon the making up of archaeological databases, the study of the astronomical orientation or content of the remains which they contain, the development of models of stellar visibility in the sky and the application, to the results provided by each model, of various astronomical and historical criteria. Applied to ancient Egypt, this approach leads to the revision of the dates of the beginning of the reign of several pharaohs, to the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of the Old Kingdom pyramids and to the mapping of the old Egyptian sky.

Title: "Designing a model of star visibility to the naked eye. Application to the identification of decanal stars. Author: Karine Gadré.

The defending of my thesis in front of a jury made up with six astronomers-physicists and one Egyptologist led to the award of the title Doctor in Astronomy of the University of Toulouse pass with the very honorable mention.

Every details about the topic of my thesis and this day are available here.

Title: "Astronomy in the Time of the Pharaohs"
Abstract: The discussion about Egyptian astronomy will be preceded by an introduction to the new methods of Archaeoastronomy and to their application to the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of the Old Kingdom pyramids.
This discussion, open to any public, is organized by the non-profit organization "Les Petits Débrouillards".

Title: "Astronomy in the Time of the Pharaohs"
Abstract: Introduction to the new methods of Archaeoastronomy and application to the determination of the astronomical source of orientation of the Old Kingdom pyramids.

Title: "Introduction to the methods of Archaeoastronomy. Application to Ancient Egypt"
Abstract: The recent development of models of stellar visibility in the night or twilight sky solves various problems related to Archaeoastronomy. Their use in the context of ancient Egypt has led to the revision of the dates of the beginning of the reign of several pharaohs, to the mapping of the constellations filling the southern sky of ancient Egypt, to the formulation of a new hypothesis about the orientation of the Old Kingdom pyramids and the temples of Isis and Hathor in Dendera. This presentation will provide the opportunity to detail a good way to solve these problems (through the establishment of archaeological and stellar databases, the design of models of visibility of stars with the naked eye, the applying of astronomical and egyptological criteria), as well as the results obtained.

Title: "Introduction to the methods of Archaeoastronomy. Application to Ancient Egypt"
Abstract: The recent development of models of stellar visibility in the night or twilight sky solves various problems related to Archaeoastronomy. Their use in the context of ancient Egypt has led to the revision of the dates of the beginning of the reign of several pharaohs, to the mapping of the constellations filling the southern sky of ancient Egypt, to the formulation of a new hypothesis about the orientation of the Old Kingdom pyramids and the temples of Isis and Hathor in Dendera. This presentation will provide the opportunity to detail a good way to solve these problems (through the establishment of archaeological and stellar databases, the design of models of visibility of stars with the naked eye, the applying of astronomical and egyptological criteria), as well as the results obtained.

Note : The audio recording of this conference is available on the website of Radio Canal Académie.

Title: "The decanal stars : mythical stars"
Abstract: The ancient Egyptians believed in a life after death. According to them, the time necessary for the deceased to be reborn in the afterlife was 70 days. Many funerary texts consider this rebirth to the heliacal rising of a star whose yearly period of invisibility was then close to 70 days. Ninety stars are listed on the inside lid of sarcophagi, on the ceiling of temples and tombs dating from 2200 BC to 50 AD. The archaeological, philological and astronomical study of the content of these one hundred remains leads to the definition of spatial, temporal and optical constraints of a model which combines celestial mechanics equations and visibility criteria of a star in the night or twilight sky of Ancient Egypt. This model allows us to identify everyone of the 90 stars to stars of the Hipparcos Catalogue - in other words, to draw up a map of the world beyond, as imagined by the ancient Egyptians. The applying of this model to the astronomical orientation of the pyramids of Egypt will also be discussed, as well as some ongoing research work.

Title: "The decanal stars : mythical stars"
Abstract: The ancient Egyptians believed in a life after death. According to them, the time necessary for the deceased to be reborn in the afterlife was 70 days. Many funerary texts consider this rebirth to the heliacal rising of a star whose yearly period of invisibility was then close to 70 days. Ninety stars are listed on the inside lid of sarcophagi, on the ceiling of temples and tombs dating from 2200 BC to 50 AD. The archaeological, philological and astronomical study of the content of these one hundred remains leads to the definition of spatial, temporal and optical constraints of a model which combines celestial mechanics equations and visibility criteria of a star in the night or twilight sky of Ancient Egypt. This model allows us to identify everyone of the 90 stars to stars of the Hipparcos Catalogue - in other words, to draw up a map of the world beyond, as imagined by the ancient Egyptians. The applying of this model to the astronomical orientation of the pyramids of Egypt will also be discussed, as well as some ongoing research work.

Title: Correlation between the Hipparcos and Hieroglyphic databases.
Author : Karine Gadré. Occasion : Thesis Day.

Title: Identification of the stars used to tell the night hours under the First Intermediate Period, the Middle and the New Kingdoms. Author : Karine Gadré. Occasion : Thesis Day.

Behind the words are hidden a meaning ... and sounds. The sounds are the resonance of words. When listening to Claude Nougaro, it even seems that poetry is made of sounds that make sense. In this poetic evening, the voice of the viola da gamba (Nathalie Estevenin) and song (Luc Baron) will join those of science (Karine Gadré) for you to share the emotion associated with the rediscovery of four thousand years of human history. Four thousand years of evolution of thought, through the erection of stone buildings, the drafting of hieroglyphic texts ... As many remains whose astronomical orientation or content is detailed within the 2006 calendar, produced jointly by the Culture Diff 'company and the non-profit organization Les Chemins Buissonniers.

The content and the design of the 2006 Calendar gave rise to a dossier entitled Making up an Astro-Egyptological database. Author : Karine Gadré.

The inauguration of the INDETEC-Aegyptus, International Institute of Egyptology for the Study of Law, Technology and Science in Ancient Egypt, was the opportunity to make a lecture entitled "Identification of the decanal stars: a research work requiring the knowledge and skills of both Astronomers and Egyptologists". This research work, made at the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, was presented as the result of many collaborations between astronomers and Egyptologists from around the world since last century. In this way, it illustrates the possible operating mode of the future AstroEgypto network which was introduced at the 56th Congress of ARCE, Boston, April 2005, and detailed within the seventh and eighth issues of the Cahiers Caribeens d'Egyptologie. Further details ...

Author : Karine Gadré.

This show-lecture organized by the non-profit organization Les Chemins Buissonniers, gathered a scientist (Karine Gadré) and two artists (Luc Barron and Nathalie Estevenin) around the theme of the creation of the world. Here is a short presentation: "Thanks to imagination, the gateway is easy to establish between Art and Science. Three voices intertwined, the Milky Way, the singing voice and the voice of the viola da gamba to say, sing and play the world's creation. The creation by the ancient Egyptians: a myth, offset by current science. This journey through time and space will tell you the origin of life on Earth, the evolution of human thought over the millennia. It will demonstrate the ability of man to be excited, to understand and express wonder about the mysteries ... " The photos of the show are available here.

Each year, the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) organizes a symposium on Egyptology. This 56th edition was the opportunity to introduce, to the worldwide Egyptologists, the details of the project of constitution of an international network of researchers in astronomy and Egyptology, published within the 7th issue of the Cahiers Caribeens d'Egyptologie and available on the Culture Diff' website here. Author : Karine Gadré.

On the 16th October 2004, the Bibliothèque Intercommunale Muroise, a municipal library located near Lyon, at Saint Laurent de Mure, organized a show around ancient Egypt. A few of the great myths were first exposed by Anne Marchand, a professional storyteller. Then followed a lecture by Karine Gadré entitled The creation of the world: Egyptian myths and scientific reality, whose content is available on the Culture Diff' website. Author: Karine Gadré.

Each year, the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) organizes a symposium on Egyptology. This 55th edition was the opportunity to introduce, to the worldwide Egyptologists, the latest research work into Astro-Egyptology and to propose a new form of collaboration between researchers coming from both disciplines. The entire contents of this lecture entitled Astro-Egyptology: a new research area involving both Astronomers and Egyptologists is available on the Culture Diff' website. Author: Karine Gadré.

Title : Identification of the old Egyptian decanal stars. Author : Karine Gadré.
Occasion : Thesis Day.

This lecture was designed for the participants to the summer school of the Association of Astronomy Adagio. For nearly three hours were discussed the following topics: the Egyptian calendars, the measurement of night time, the astronomical orientation of the pyramids of Egypt, the Temple of Dendera and its zodiac.

The holding of this symposium which gathered, in Toulouse, worldwide astronomers, was an opportunity to present a poster entitled "The sky of ancient Egypt: a north-south differentiation". This was a first approach to the North-South differentiation which characterizes the stellar clocks dating from the end of the First Intermediate Period, the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom astronomical ceilings as well. This theme was detailed within the dossier entitled The sky of ancient Egypt: stellar clocks, water clocks and astronomical ceilings.